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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

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http://www.archive.org/details/gasequipmentofhoOOnati 


THE  GAS 
EQUIPMENT 
OF  THE  HOME 


Published  by  the 

National  Commercial  Gas  Association 

29  West  Thirty-Ninth  Street 
New  York  City 


Copyright,  1914,  by  the  National  Commercial  Gas  Association 


First  Edition,  25,000.  Printed  June  13,  1914 
Second  Edition,  25.000.  Printed  July  13,  1914 
Third  Edition.  50.000  (Smaller),  Augrust  1,  1914 


A  Simple,  Artistic  and  Efficient  Lighting  Effect  for  a  Lady's  Redroon 


INTRODUCTORY 

THE  accompanying  pages  graphically 
illustrate  many  of  the  appliances  util- 
izing gas  for  comfort  and  economy  in  the 
modern  home. 

The  information  is  suggestive  and  general 
in  character,  prepared  with  a  view  to  aiding 
the 

ARCHITECT,    PLUMBER 
BUILDING  CONTRACTOR 

and  everyone  interested  in  the  modern  home. 

In  all  cases  the  reader  should  consult  the 
Gas  Company  in  his  city  for  details  and 
further  information  in  the  application  of  any 
appliances  herein  described. 

The  preparation  of  this  booklet  was  origi- 
nally undertaken  by  the  Pennsylvania  Gas 
Association.  The  wide-spread  interest  that 
was  indicated  led  to  broadening  the  scope 
of  the  work  to  make  it  truly  national  in 
character. 


THE  Committee  has  been  greatly  aided  in  its  work  by 
constructive  criticism  and  advice  from  the  following  men 
well  known  in  the  gas  industry  and  representing  practically 
everv  section  of  the  country  : 


O.   H.   Fogg,  Engineer  of  Utilization,  Consolidated  Gas  Co., 

New  York,  N.  V. 
E.  N.  Wrightington,  Vice-President,  Boston  Gas  Light  Co., 

Boston,  Mass. 
J.   D.  Shattuck,  General  Superintendent,  American  Gas   Co., 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
H.   K.    Dodson,    Commercial   Manager,    Consolidated    Gas, 

Electric  Light  and  Power  Co.,  of  Baltimore,  Md. 
L.  F.   Blyler,   New  Business  Manager,  Minneapolis  Gas  Co., 

Minneapolis,   Minn. 
H.  S.  Schutt,  The  C.  H.  Geist  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
M.  A.  Bowlin,  Sales  Manager,  Jacksonville  Gas  Co.,    Jack- 
sonville, Fla. 
J.    E.   J.    Mayer,    Commercial   Agent,  Peoples  Gas  Light  and 

Coke  Co.,  Chicago,  HI. 
J.  H.  Maxon,  Central  Indiana  Gas  Co.,  Muncie,  Iiul. 
Lee   H.    Newbert,    New    Business   Manager,    Pacific  (ias  and 

Electric  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Clare  N.  Stannard,  Secretary,  Denver  Gas  and    Electric  Co., 

Denver,  Col. 
C.     Willing    Hare,     New     Business    Manager,     United     Gas 

Improvement  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Through  the  broad  dissemination  of  the  information  which 
this  booklet  contains  not  only  will  the  public  be  benefited,  but 
the  work  of  the  architect,  plumber  and  building  contractor  will 
be  simplified.  He  will  in  every  case  rind  the  local  Gas  Company 
anxious  to  co-operate  with  him. 

L.   R.   DUTTON,    Chairman,  Wyncote,   Pa. 

H.  H.  Ganser,  Norristown,  Pa.  James  V.  Hanlan,  Newark,  N.  J. 

R.  ff.  Pierce,  Gloucester,  N.  J.  T.  R.  Elcock,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

I.  W.  Peffly,  New  York,   N.  V.  W.  H.  Logan,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


COXTENTS 


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Introductory      ...... 

Plan  of  House  Showing  Piping  Outlets     . 
Every     Home    Should    Be    Piped    for    Ga 

Throughout        ..... 
Gas  Appliances  for  Each  Room  in  the  House 
Hygiene  of  Gas;   Its  Aid  in  Ventilation  . 
Modern  Gas  Lighting       .... 
The     Newest     Semi-Indirect     Gas     Lighting 

Fixtures      ...... 

Treatment  of  Different  Rooms 

Plan  of  an  Idea]  Kitchen 

The  Modern  Gas  Kitchen 

Water  Heating  by  Gas      .... 

The  Most  Rapid  System  of  Heating  Water 
Gas  is  Best  for  Heating    .... 

Heating  of  Kitchen  from  Cellar  Furnace 

Room  Heating  Calculations 

Gas  Laundry  Equipment 

Sterilizing  Water  by  Gas 

Refuse  Destroyer       ..... 

Garage  Heating  by  Gas     .... 

Vacuum  Cleaning  by  Gas 

Refrigeration  by  Gas         .... 

Flue  Connections      ..... 

Outdoor  Residence  Lighting     . 

Gas  Furnace  Heating         .... 

Gas  for  Domestic  Science  Equipments     . 
Measuring  the  Consumers'  Gas 
Proving-  the  Gas  Meter 


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A  Typical  Two-Floor  Plan  of  a  Modern  Dwelling  in  which  Provision  Has  Been  Made  for  the  Use 

of  Gas  Throughout.     Sufficient  Ceiling,  Wall,  Floor  and  Baseboard  Outlets  Have  Been 

Provided  for  Existing  and  Future  Gas  Appliances 


Every  Home  Should  be  Piped 
for  Gas  Throughout 


EXPERIENCE  shows  that  dwell- 
ings built,  say,  fifteen  years  ago 
lack  adequate  facilities  for  the 
installation  of  what  are  today  regarded  as 
necessary  modern  conveniences.  Due 
to  this  lack  of  foresight,  some  expense 
must  be  incurred  in  makingalterations  if 
the  occupants  are  now  to  be  given  the 
benefit  of  these  household  aids.  Fur- 
thermore, this  same  lack  of  foresight  is 
cutting,  year  by  year,  into  the  rental 
and  selling  value  of  all  properties  which 
have  grown  out  of  date  because  of  this 
lack  of  modern  conveniences.  And  all 
of  this  might  have  been  provided  for  by 
a  very  slight  increase  in  the  initial  in- 
vestment. 

Many  owners  of  such  dwellings  have 
been  amply  repaid  for  installing  the 
proper  facilities  in  their  houses  in  order 
that  those  who  occupy  them  may  have 
at  their  disposal  the  latest  types  of  modern 
gas  appliances. 

^  ise  builders  are  now  looking  upon 
such  investments  as  the  highest  type  of 
insure  ;  for  by  equipping  all  rooms 
with  the  proper  facilities  for  the  use  of 
gas  appliances  their  dwellings  can  com- 
pete, in  this  one  respect  at  least,  on 
even  terms,  for  the  next  twenty  years, 
with  all  buildings  erected  at  a  later  date. 
As  time  goes  on  more  and  more  uses 
will  be  found  for  gas,  since  the  tendency 
on  the  part  of  the  average  householder 
is  to  be  relieved  of  the  many  petty  an- 
noyances and  laborious  duties  connected 
with  the  use  of  coal  and  oil. 

Modern  Gas   Lighting 

Gas  lighting  of  today  is  far  different 
from  what  it  was  five  years  ago,  as  the 
perfection  of  modern  gas  fixtures  and 
the    newest    types   of    incandescent    gas 


burners    makes   Modern    Gas  Light  the 
finest  artificial  light  in  the  world. 

In  building  a  house  nothing  needs 
more  careful  planning  than  its  illumi- 
nation. 

The  occupants  of  houses  that  are  fully 
piped  for  gas  have  at  their  disposal  artistic 
fixtures,  reading  lamps,  domes  and  semi- 
indirect  lighting  pieces,  which  shed  an 
abundance  of  soft,  restful  light  so  agree- 
able to  tired  eyes. 

These  Modern  Gas  Lighting  fixtures 
are  readily  and  conveniently  lighted  or 
extinguished  by  a  turn  of  a  button  or  a 
pull  of  a  chain. 

Modern  Gas  Light  in  any  house 
means  an  abundance  of  mellow,  eye- 
pleasing  illumination  and  its  use  a  con- 
tinuous, artistic,  convenient  and  depend- 
able service. 

Modern  Gas  Light  has  particular 
properties  of  its  own  that  make  it  the 
ideal  light  for  homes,  as  it  enables  those 
living  therein  to  work,  read,  sew  or  study 
without  eyestrain. 

It  is  the  light  which  portrays  those 
living  in  the  home  and  their  surroundings 
at  their  very  best. 

And  from  drawing  room  to  kitchen 
Modern  Gas  Lighting  will  be  found  the 
ideal  illumination. 

It  is  supreme  in  quality,  decorative, 
economical,  hygienic  and  convenient. 
The  best  light  money  can  buy. 

Cooking  by  Gas 

Recent  years  have  witnessed  a  won- 
derful development  in  gas-cooking  appli- 
ances. V\  e  now  have  gas  ranges  of 
various  types  and  capacities  and  with 
many  refinements  and  accessories,  all 
of  which  have  been  designed  to  meet, 
and  are  now  taking  care  of,  the  cooking 


Gas  Appliances  for  Each  Room 
in  the  House 

LIVING  ROOM   OR  LIBRARY 

Gas  Lighting  Gas  Heating  Stoves 

Gas  Reading  Lamps  Gas  Grates  or  Logs 

DINING  ROOM 

Gas  Lighting  Open  Fire  Grates  or  Logs 

Gas  Charing  Dishes  Tea  Samovars 

Portable  Table  Lamps  Coffee  Percolators 

Gas  Heaters  Art  Glass  Domes  and  Showers 

Gas  Steam  Radiators 

KITCHEN 

Gas  Lighting  Warming  Ovens 

Gas  Ranges  Plate  Warmers 

Circulating  Water  Heaters  Water  Stills 

Automatic  Water  Heaters  Gas  Steam  Radiators 
Refuse  Destroyers 

LAUNDRY 

Clothes  Dryers  Gas  Heating  Stoves 

Gas  Lighting  Automatic  \\  ater  Heaters 

Gas  Mangles  Circulating  Water  Heaters 
Gas  Irons 

BEDROOMS 

Gas  Lighting  Gas  Grates 

Gas  Heaters  Gas  Sick  Room  Lights 

BATHRCH  >MS 

Gas  Lighting  Gas  Wall  Heaters 

Night  Lamps  Water  Sterilizers 

NURSERY-PANTRY 

Gas  Lighting  Water  Sterilizers 

Gas  Ranges  Plate  Warmers 

Night  Lamps 


requirements  of  the  smallest  dwellings 
and  largest  residences. 

The  only  cooking  service  to  consider 
for  a  house  that  is  heated,  whether  it  be 
a  cottage  or  a  mansion,  is  a  Gas  Cook- 
ing Service,  because  it  offers  the  best 
method  of  cooking,  judged  from  the 
points  of  view  of  (l)  Economy  of  Instal- 
lation and  Operation,  (2)  Labor  Saving, 
(3)  Cleanliness,  (4)  Convenience,  (5) 
Satisfactory  Service. 

The  best  indorsement  of  cooking  by 
gas  exclusively  is  the  fact  that  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  people  now  use  it  exclu- 
sively for  cooking  and  find  it  the  most 
satisfactory,  as  well  as  the  most  econom- 
ical, of  cooking  services. 

Water  Heating  by  Gas 

The  process  of  heating  water  for  do- 
mestic purposes  has  been  revolutionized 
in  the  past  few  years  through  the  intro- 
duction and  perfection  of  gas  water 
heaters,  until  today  it  is  no  longer  a 
problem  to  secure  an  abundance  of  hot 
water  quickly  and  economically  in  any 
dwelling,  large  or  small. 

Today,  in  the  countless  thousands  of 
homes  where  gas  water  heaters  are  in- 
stalled, an  abundance  of  hot  warer  is 
available  for  any  purpose.  By  some 
types  of  heaters  the  water  is  heated  in- 
stantly at  the  turn  of  a  faucet,  by  others 
within  a  few  minutes  after  lighting  the 
heaters,  and  all  without  labor,  incon- 
venience or  discomfort  and  at  a  nominal 
cost  for  gas. 

Auxiliary  House  Heating 
by   Gas 

Gas  as  a  fuel  for  auxiliary  heating 
purposes  has  rapidly  forged  to  the  front, 
so  that  today  there  can  be  had  scores  of 
efficient,  odorless  and  economical  gas- 
heating  stoves  of  many  types  and  designs. 

It  is  no  longer  necessary  to  sacrifice 
attractiveness     to     secure     an     auxiliary 


heating  stove  that  will  radiate  an  abun- 
dance of  cheerful,  odorless  heat. 

With  the  improvement  in  appearance 
of  these  heaters  a  marked  increase  in 
their  efficiency  has  also  been  brought 
about,  so  that  they  are  quite  inexpensive 
to  use  for  auxiliary  heating  purposes. 

Miscellaneous   Heating 
Appliances 

Among  many  other  appliances  which 
are  now  giving  splendid  service  in  homes 
are  gas-heated  coffee  percolators,  tea 
samovars,  chafing  dishes,  toasters,  waffle 
and  griddle  cake  bakers,  refuse  destroy- 
ers, water  sterilizers,  gas-heated  laundry 
irons,  mangles  and  clothes  dryers. 

There  is  scarcely  any  important  do- 
mestic operation  in  the  modern  home 
requiring  heat  that  cannot  be  satisfac- 
torily and  inexpensively  performed  by  gas. 

Today  more  gas  light  is  used,  more 
meals  are  cooked,  more  water  and  more 
rooms  are  heated  by  gas  in  homes  than 
ever  before,  and  this  being  true,  we  may 
rightly  say  that  gas  promises  to  be  the 
household  servant  of  the  future. 

No   Home  Complete  Unless 
Fully   Piped  for  Gas 

No  home  is  complete  in  which  pro- 
vision has  not  been  made  in  each  room 
for  modern  gas  light  and  other  purposes 
for  which  gas  can  be  used,  such  as  a 
portable  reading  lamp,  a  chafing  dish  or 
a  percolator,  a  gas-heated  flatiron  or  a 
heating  stove.  Therefore,  every  room 
in  a  house  should  be  piped  for  gas,  so 
that  these  very  necessary  housekeeping 
aids  may  be  made  full  use  of.  All  fire- 
places and  nursery-pantries  should  also 
be  piped  for  gas. 

And  since  the  satisfactory  operation  of 
gas  appliances  depends  to  a  large  extent 
upon  piping  of  proper  size,  it  is  to  the 
interest  of  all  concerned  to  consult  the 
local  gas  company  relative  to  this  matter. 


1 

41 

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A  Suggestion  of  the  Use  of  Gas  as  an  Aid  to  Ventilation 
10 


Hygiene  of  Gas 
Its  Aid  in  Ventilation 


NOT  the  least  among  the  advan- 
tages of  the  use  of  gas  for  light- 
ing and  other  purposes  is  the 
marked  beneficial  effect  upon  hygienic 
conditions. 

In  connection  with  this  subject  it  is 
well  to  call  attention  to  a  prevailing 
erroneous  opinion  built  upon  insufficient 
knowledge  or  superficial  thought.  It  is 
often  stated  that  the  products  of  gas  com- 
bustion vitiate  the  air.  All  impartial  inves- 
tigations by  competent  authorities  have 
shown  that  this  statement  is  groundless, 
and  that,  due  to  unexpected  but  none  the 
less  reasonable  and  effective  causes,  the 
burning  of  gas  in  small  quantities  such 
as  are  required  for  lighting  is  always  ac- 
companied by  an  improvement  in  the 
breathing  quality  of  the  air.  Furthermore, 
gas  light  has  been  found  to  be  compara- 
tively free  from  the  injurious  effects  upon 
the  eyes  which  have  lately  become  so 
painfully  apparent  with  the  more  glaring 
light  sources. 

Exhaustive  Scientific  Tests 

During  a  period  of  three  months  in 
1907,  Dr.  Samuel  Rideal,  of  Royal  West- 
minster Institute,  London,  carried  on  a 
most  exhaustive  series  of  tests  to  deter- 
mine the  relative  hygienic  effects  of  gas 
and  electric  lighting.  These  tests  left 
nothing  to  be  desired  in  the  matters  of 
thoroughness  and  conclusiveness.  The 
complete  results  are  too  lengthy  to  be  fully 
set  forth  here,  but  they  plainly  showed  : 

1.  That  thepulse  rate,  frequency  of  res- 
piration, blood  pressure,  number  of  blood 
corpuscles,  body  temperature,  bodily 
weight,  and  mental  fatigue  over  the  entire 
three   months'    test    showed    no    greater 


change  with  gas  lighting  than  with  elec- 
tric lighting. 

2.  That  the  percentage  of  carbonic  acid 
gas  and  moisture  in  the  air  varied  no  more 
with  gas  lighting  than  with  electric  light- 
ing of  equal  intensity,  and  that  the  rise 
in  room  temperature  at  the  breathing 
level  was  substantially  the  same  in  either 
gas  or  electricity  both  with  and  without 
adequate  facilities  for  ventilation.  The 
gas-lighted  room  was  somewhat  cooler 
under  the  latter  condition. 

Ventilation  Increased 

3.  That  ventilation  was  much  more 
vigorous  with  gas  lighting  than  with  elec- 
tric lightingeven  with  doors  and  windows 
closed,  and  was  sufficient  to  remove  the 
products  of  gas  combustion,  thus  account- 
ing for  the  results  in  (2).  This  ventilating 
effect  is  produced  by  the  uprising  currents 
of  air  from  the  gas  burners. 

4.  That  the  organic  matter  from  the 
lungs  (which  produces  "stuffiness"  and 
depression),  as  well  as  bacterial  matter, 
were  present  to  a  much  less  degree  in  the 
gas-lighted  room.  This  effect  was  prin- 
cipally due  to  the  burning  of  this  matter 
in  the  flame  of  the  gas  burner. 

Less  Eye  Fatigue 

5.  That  gas  light  is  less  fatiguing  to 
the  eyes  than  is  electric  lighting.  This  is 
because  of  the  lower  brilliancy  of  the  gas 
mantle,  reducing  "glare"  from  polished 
surfaces,  glazed  papers,  etc. 

These  tests  indicated  that  gas  properly 
used  is  not  only  not  deleterious  to  the 
health,  but  is  distinctly  beneficial,  and 
that  the  heat  produced  by  gas  lamps  and 
heaters  may  be  utilized  to  prfeduce  very 
effective  ventilation.  This  is  a  most  im- 
portant consideration. 


11 


Designs  of  Modern  CJas  Lighting  Fixtures 

12 


Modern  Gas  Lighting 


MODERN  incandescent  gas 
lamps  suitable  for  residence 
lighting  are  made  in  both  up- 
right and  inverted  types,  and  in  sizes 
ranging  from  40  to  120  candle-power. 
These  lamps  are  suitable  for  use  upon 
any  type  of  fixture  or  bracket  required 
to  obtain  any  desired  effect  in  illumina- 
tion or  decoration. 

Incandescent  gas  lamps  are  usually 
lighted  by  means  of  continuously  burn- 
ing pilot  flames,  consuming  a  few  cents' 
worth  of  gas  per  month  each. 

Means  are  provided  for  turning  the 
light  on  or  off  by  means  of  a  pull-chain 
or  a  key  at  the  lamp  or  by  a  push-button 
located  at  any  desired  point.  In  neither 
case  are  matches  required. 

The  choice  between  upright  and  in- 
verted lamps  is  largely  a  matter  of  per- 
sonal taste.  The  new  types  of  small 
upright  lamps,  with  which  decorative  or 
plain  glassware  can  be  used,  are  particu- 
larly well  adapted  for  residence  lighting, 
as  they  may  be  used  instead  of  open  gas 
flames  without  changing  the  fixture  arms. 
Inverted  mantles  are  more  durable  than 
upright  mantles,  and  when  used  with 
the  proper  shades,  distribute  most  of  the 
light  downward. 

Semi- Indirect  Lighting 

Page  12  shows  a  "semi-indirect  "  fix- 
ture,  containing    one    80    candle-power 


inverted  lamp.  By  this  arrangement 
about  half  of  the  illumination  in  the 
room  is  obtained  by  light  reflected  from 
the  ceiling.  The  semi-indirect  system 
is  coming  into  vogue  very  extensively 
for  residence  lighting.  It  provides  a 
soft,  mellow  illumination,  reducing  glare 
from  bright  light  sources  and  glazed 
papers,  such  as  are  used  in  most  maga- 
zines and  periodicals.  When  properly 
designed,  so  that  the  brightness  of  the 
bowl  is  sufficiently  reduced,  the  semi- 
indirect  possesses  every  advantage  of  the 
indirect  system,  besides  avoiding  the 
most  prominent  fault  of  the  latter — the 
absence  of  an  apparent  source  of  light. 
For  lighting  of  this  character  the  ceiling 
should  be  light  in  color,  and  plain. 

Because  of  the  quality  and  abundance 
of  illumination  which  may  be  secured  at 
slight  expense  with  Modern  Gas  Light, 
it  is  particularly  well  adapted  for  semi- 
indirect  or  indirect  lighting  purposes,  if 
indirect  lighting  be  desired. 

Indirect  Lighting 

Indirect  lighting  fixtures  from  which 
all  the  illumination  is  obtained  by  reflec- 
tion from  the  ceiling  are  unsuitable  for 
residence  lighting  unless  a  visible  light 
source  is  also  furnished  in  the  form  of 
portable  reading  or  wall  bracket  lamps, 
and  even  then  the  appearance  of  an  ap- 
parently unlighted  fixture  is  not  pleasing. 


13 


14 


Quality  of  Lamps 

To  secure  the  benefits  obtainable  with 
Modern  Gas  Lighting  appliances,  it  is 
essential  that  lamps  and  mantles  be  of  the 
best  grade,  and  that  glassware  be  carefully 
selected.  Inferior  lamps  cannot  be  ex- 
pected to  operate  satisfactorily  or  to  ren- 
der continuous  service.  Inferior  mantles 
rapidly  lose  their  illuminating  power  and 
mechanical  strength.  In  both  these  par- 
ticulars the  purchaser  should  seek  the 
advice  of  the  gas  company,  which  is  pri- 
marily interested  in  furnishing  satisfactory 
service  to  its  patrons. 

Incandescent  gas  mantles  are  furnished 
in  two  color-qualities — one  producing  a 
practically  white  light,  the  other  a  light 
of  amber  tint.  The  latter  is  particularly 
suited  to  residence  lighting  or  wherever 
it  is  desired  to  bring  out  "warm"  tints 
and  shades. 

For  use  on  wall  bracket  or  cluster  fix- 
tures, lamps  consuming  not  more  than  2 
cubic  feet  of  gas  per  hour  should  be  used, 
since  with  the  number  of  arms  usually 
found  on  fixtures  these  sizes  will  produce 
ample  illumination  when  all  lamps  are 
lighted,  and  for  the  sake  of  appearance 
this  is  the  most  desirable  arrangement. 

Importance  of  Glassware 

Glassware  should  be  selected  with  a 
view  to  concealing  the  mantle  from  sight, 
directing  the  light  where  required,  and 
harmonizing  in  appearance  with  the  fix- 
tures and  room  furnishings.  It  should 
preferably  be  of  such  texture  that  it  will 
be  illuminated  evenly  when  the  lamp  is 
lighted,  and  show  no  spots  of  light  indi- 
cating the  position  of  the  lamp.  It  is  also 
most  desirable  that  the  glassware  be  of  a 
size  appropriate  to  the  size  of  the  lamps 
used,  as  glassware  designed  for  small  lamps 
using  but  2  cubic  feet  of  gas  per  hour  will 
be  too  brightly  lighted  when  used  with 
lamps  which  consume  4  cubic  feet  of  gas 
per  hour.     The  lower  the  brightness  of 


the  glassware,  the  more  satisfactory  and 
pleasing  the  illumination  of  the  room. 

The  quantity  of  gas  to  be  provided  for 
ordinary  illumination  depends  mainly 
upon  the  type  of  glassware.  One  cubic 
foot  of  gas  per  hour  will  illuminate  from 
20  to  50  square  feet  of  floor  space,  de- 
pending upon  the  glassware  used.  Since 
the  cost  of  Modern  Gas  Lighting  is  so 
trifling,  it  is  better  to  assume  that  the 
more  artistic  and  inefficient  shades  will 
be  used,  and  provide,  say,  one  incandes- 
cent gas  lamp  consuming  2  cubic  feet  per 
hour  for  each  40  square  feet  of  floor  space, 
or  one  consuming  4  cubic  feet  per  hour 
for  each  80  square  feet,  etc. 

Gas  lamps  may  be  obtained  in  a  wide 
range  of  sizes,  but  for  residence  use  the 
smallest  sizes  are  preferable,  except  for 
semi-indirect  lighting. 

General  Considerations 

The  prime  considerations  in  the  light- 
ing of  the  home  should  be  comfort  and 
beauty.  Neither  are  inconsistent  with 
economy.  Pages  2,  10  and  the  Colonial 
Dining  Room  at  the  top  of  page  22  show 
what  may  be  accomplished  by  good  taste 
and  a  disposition  to  avoid  the  stereotyped 
forms.  In  this  charming  home  simplicity 
is  the  keynote. 

Though  the  rooms  are  not  large,  the 
removal  of  ceiling  fixtures  gives  them  a 
spacious  appearance  that  is  quite  deceptive 
as  to  the  actual  dimensions  of  the  rooms. 
While  the  selection  and  location  of  the 
glassware  and  lamps  were  made  upon 
purely  artistic  grounds,  yet  the  installa- 
tion could  hardly  have  been  made  less 
expensive  had  economy  been  the  prin- 
cipal consideration. 

Naturally  these  fixtures  of  Colonial  de- 
sign are  suited  only  to  interiors  furnished 
and  decorated  in  this  period.  In  ail  cases 
the  lighting  fixtures  and  glassware  should 
be  unobtrusive  and  in  harmony  with  the 
furnishings  and  decorative  treatment. 


15 


*\\ 

.    '    A 

/f 

^  u 

il   W 

if" 

L6 


The  Newest  Semi-Indirect  Gas  Lighting  Fixtures 

THESE  are  the  very  latest  fixtures  the  lighting  effect  produced  is  wonder- 
designed  for  Semi-Indirect  light-  fully  pleasing. 
ing  with  gas.  Gas  is  pre-eminently  the  ideal  illumi- 
A  burner  of  special  design  has  been  nation  for  Semi-Indirect  lighting,  and 
produced  for  use  with  these  fixtures.  when  used  in  these  new  types  of  fixtures 
This  burner  is  simplicity  itself,  all  glass-  it  excels  all  others  in  quality  of  light. 
ware  and  the  usual  brass  parts  being  en-  In  quantity  of  light  for  a  given  cost  no 
tirely  eliminated.  It  is  a  most  efficient  other  illumination  approaches  modern 
burner,  and  when  in  use  in  these  fixtures  gas  light. 


17 


19 


Application  "t  Modern  Gas  Lighting  Kixtun 

2ii 


Treatment  of  Different  Rooms 


FOR  the  Entrance  or  Reception  Hall 
the  conventional  treatment  is  the 
decorative  lantern  (shown  in  the 
accompanying  illustration),  particularly 
if  the  hall  be  of  rather  small  dimensions. 
In  a  larger  hall  a  cluster  of  small  lamps 
or  a  Semi-Indirect  Bowl  may  be  used  to 
good  advantage. 


The  Drawing  Room,  being  usually  de- 
voted to  functions  of  a  rather  formal 
nature,  usually  received  a  somewhat  or- 
nate treatment  (see  page  19).  The  room 
usually  being  a  large  one,  fixtures  sus- 
pended from  the  ceiling  are  generally 
used.  Cut  glass  shades  and  prism  show- 
ers (samples  of  each  are  shown  on  page 
14)  produce,  if  desired,  a  brilliant  effect, 
and  since  the  room  is  not  occupied  for 
many  hours  at  a  time,  and  is  not  much 
used  for  reading  or  for  any  purpose  in- 
volving close  application  of  the  eyes,  the 
strain  upon  the  eyes  from  the  brilliant 
lighting  is  not  of  a  serious  order. 


The  Living  Room  takes  the  place  of 
the  Drawing  Room  in  most  homes  where 
comfort  rather  than  display  is  the  desired 
result.  No  matter  how  sumptuous  the 
appointments  may  be,  this  is  primarily  a 
room  in  which  to  enjoy  the  less  formal 
social  activities. 

Wall  brackets  may  provide  illumina- 
tion for  comfortable  corners  likely  to  be 
used  for  reading,  etc.  A  fixed  or  porta- 
ble pedestal  lamp,  suitably  shaded,  may 
be  provided  for  the  piano. 

For  the  general  illumination  of  the 
room  the  semi-indirect  system  is  prefer- 
able, as  a  soft  but  ample  well-diffused 
light  is  required.  By  dispensing  with 
ceiling  fixtures  an  appearance  of  sim- 
plicity and  spaciousness  may  be  obtained 
which  is  often  most  desirable.  Gener- 
ally speaking,  ceiling  fixtures  are  suitable 
only  for  large  or  ornate  rooms  of  some- 
what formal  character. 

The  illustration  at  the  top  of  page  20 
shows  a  semi-indirect  table  lamp  designed 
especially  for  the  living  room.  It  is  fitted 
with  an  inverted  reflector  (invisible  from 
ordinary  positions  in  the  room)  which 
directs  about  two-thirds  of  the  light  upon 
the  ceiling.  The  resulting  illumination 
is  sufficient  to  permit  reading  with  ease 
and  comfort  in  any  part  of  the  room, 
and  enough  light  falls  directly  downward 
to  make  the  table,  as  it  should  be,  the 
"focus"  of  the  room.  The  photograph 
was  made  by  the  light  of  the  lamp  alone, 
and  shows  the  restful  and  comfortable 
character  of  the  illumination.  The  or- 
dinary Portable  Reading  Lamp  cannot 
be  used  to  obtain  this  effect. 

Dining  Room.  The  customary  treat- 
ment of  the  Dining   Room  involves  the 

(Continued  on  bottom  of  faS  t  .'$) 


21 


Dining  Room  Lighting  by  the  Direct   and   Semi-Indirect  Method 

22 


PlaN  op  aH 
Ideal  KitcheH 


LaweeHce  Visschec  Boxd.A.I.A. 
architect 

12,15  HAR-E-lSOrl   BLDCj.  PHI  LA.,  PcK  r(  A. 


LlBCACY 


DlNlNq   \2oOM 


23 


Gas  Kitchens  in  Small    Hemes 
24 


The  Modern  Gas  Kitchen 


THE  modern  kitchen  is  being 
planned  as  carefully  as  any 
other  part  of  the  home. 
It  is  not  built  so  large  as  formerly, 
since  the  necessary  gas  appliances  for 
cooking  and  heating  water  have  been 
so  constructed  that  there  is  a  great 
saving  of  space  as  well  as  labor. 

The  kitchen  should  be  well  lighted 
and  ventilated.  A  transom  or  swinging 
door  should  be  installed  over  the  kitchen 
window  to  allow  for  proper  ventilation 
and  to  carry  off  the  steam  and  odors 
when  cooking. 

All  kitchen  window  openings  should 
extend  to  the  ceiling  and  be  provided 
with  means  for  opening  the   entire  win- 


The  Modern  Gas  Range 

The  Cabinet  Gas  Range  is  now 
accepted  as  the  standard  type  of  gas 
range,  and  should  always  be  installed, 
as  it  is  the  most  desirable  type  to  use  in 
every  respect. 

Cabinet  ranges  are  being  manufac- 
tured in  sizes  ranging  in  width  from  86 
inches  to  60  inches,  and  may  be  had  in 
various  combinations  of  equipment  and 
capacity.  It  is  advisable,  however,  to 
provide  space  of  at  least  46  inches,  as 
this  will  permit  of  the  installation  of  a 
cabinet  range  with  at  least  two  ovens  18 
inches  in  size. 


Treatment  of  Different  Rooms 

{Continued  from  page  21) 

use  of  the  central  ceiling  fixture.  This 
may  be  a  "  Shower,"  a  Semi-Indirect 
Bowl,  or  a  "  Dome."  (An  example  of 
each  is  shown  on  page  22.)  If  the  lat- 
ter, it  should  always  be  so  placed  that 
the  lamp  will  never  be  visible  to  those 
seated  around  the  table.  The  diagram 
in  the  upper  right-hand  corner  of  page 
22  shows  the  proper  arrangement  of 
lamp  and  dome.     The  cut  in  the  upper 


dow  space.  Casement  windows  or 
windows  with  casement  transoms  are 
preferable.  Houses  so  constructed  will 
be  cooler  and  receive  better  ventilation 
than  those  in  which  these  ventilating 
facilities  are  absent. 

A  single  inverted  gaslight  fixture  sus- 
pended from  the  center  of  the  ceiling 
provides  general  illumination  for  the 
kitchen. 

In  large  kitchens  it  is  also  well  to 
install  one  or  more  side-wall  brackets,  so 
arranged  as  to  provide  special  illumi- 
nation. 

An  additional  outlet  should  be  installed 
to  allow  for  the  use  of  a  small  portable 
heating  stove,  or  a  gas-heated  flatiron. 


Cabinet  ranges  are  now  to  be  had 
which  will  meet  the  needs  of  the  largest 
families  or  residences. 

Hoods  and  Canopies 

All  hoods  and  canopies  are  designed 
to  collect  spent  heat  and  odors  of  cook- 
ing and  carry  them  out  of  the  room.  If 
it  is  desired  to  do  this,  connection  may 
be  made  to  existing  flues  where  they 
have  been  provided.  Many  people 
believe  this  to  be  desirable  practice,  and 
it  is  therefore  advisable  to  provide  the 
necessary  flues  when  building. 


left-hand  corner  on  page  22  shows  a 
dining  room  in  which  wall  brackets  only 
are  used.  The  artistic  effectiveness  of 
this  arrangement  is  apparent. 

The  Bedroom  may  or  may  not  be  fur- 
nished with  general  illumination.  If  so, 
a  Semi-Indirect  Bowl  is  excellent, 
bracket  lighting,  as  shown  on  page  2, 
being  provided  for  the  dressing  table. 
In  the  installation  shown,  the  bracket 
lamps  furnished  all  the  illumination 
required  in  the  room. 


25 


Gas  KitchciiN  Have  Proven  Invaluable 


- 


in  Solving  the  Servant  Problem  in  Larger  Residences 

27 


Cabinet  Ranges  ten-  Large  Residences 
28 


Standard  Types  of  the  Cabinet  Gas  Range 
29 


Gas  kitchens  in  Small  Homo 


30 


Water  Heating  by  Gas 


The  Ordinary  Kitchen    Boiler 
Water  Heater 

THE  ordinary  kitchen  boiler 
water  heater  is  an  appliance 
which  operates  entirely  inde- 
pendent of  the  gas  range.  It  is  con- 
nected to  the  circulating  boiler  in  the 
kitchen  and  is  very  economical  to  use, 
as  after  the  burner  is  lighted  for  a  short 
time,  hot  water  may  be  drawn  from  any 
hot-water  faucet  in  the  usual  manner. 

Circulating  water  hearers  should  not 
be  recommended  for  boilers  of  larger 
capacity  than  60  gallons.  Automatic 
water  heaters  or  storage  systems  should 
be  used  where  boilers  are  found  over 
this  size  and  where  there  is  an  unusual 
demand  for  hot  water. 

The  approximate  space  occupied  by  a 
Circulating  Water  Heater  is  8  inches  in 
width  by  30  inches  in  height.  A  heater 
can  be  connected  within  three  inches  of 
a  vertical  boiler  and  should  be  at  least  8 
inches  from  the  wall.  If  the  door, 
which  swings  to  the  right,  is  installed  on 
the  left-hand  side  of  a  vertical  boiler,  it 
can  be  placed  in  a  space  of  20  inches 
between  the  boiler  and  side  wall.  If 
the  heater  is  put  on  the  right-hand 
side  of  a  vertical  boiler  22  inches  should 
be  allowed  for  the  diameter  of  the  heater 
and  the  swing  of  the  door. 

Kitchens,  laundries  or  cellars  are  the 
best  locations  to  install  gas  water  heaters. 
Locate  the  small  boiler  types  of  heaters 
in  kitchens,  the  large  automatic  instan- 
taneous heater  in  laundries  or  cellars, 
the  smaller  instantaneous  or  automatic 
instantaneous  heaters  in  kitchens. 

Do  not  install  a  Circulating  Water 
Heater  in  a  cellar  if  a  circulating  boiler 
is  on  the  first  floor.  If  a  Circulating 
Water  Heater  is  desired,  room  should 
be  provided  for  its  connection  in  the 
kitchen. 


The   Combination    Boiler   and 
Gas  Circulating  Water  Heater 

This  combines  in  one  fixture  a  gal- 
vanized or  copper  boiler  and  a  Gas 
Water  Heater. 

The  water  heater  consists  of  brass 
sections  or  copper  coils  located  within 
the  body  of  the  boiler.  Beneath  these 
sections  is  a  powerful  but  economical 
gas  burner.  It  may  be  used  in  connec- 
tion with  gas  range  or  independent  of  it. 
Light  the  gas  burner,  and  in  a  short 
time  hot  water  may  be  drawn  from  any 
hot-water  faucet  in  the  house. 

On  one  style  of  these  combination 
boilers  and  water  heaters  an  attachment 
may  be  had  for  thermostatically  control- 
ling its  operation,  and  when  this  attach- 
ment is  used  this  combination  becomes 
in  reality  a  storage  system. 


The  Ordinary   Kitchen   Boiler 
Water  Heater 


31 


An  Automatic  Instantaneous  (i:»s  Water  Heater 

32 


The  Most  Rapid  System  of  Heating  Water 


Automatic  I nstantaneous 
Water  Heater 

AN  Automatic  Instantaneous  Water 
Heater  is  an  appliance  which  is 
L  automatically  operated  and  con- 
trolled by  the  opening  and  closing  of  a 
faucet  on  the  hot-water  line  in  any  part 
of  the  house.  The  heater  should  be 
placed  in  the  cellar  or  laundry. 

This  appliance  may  be  operated  inde- 
pendent of  other  water-heating  appliances 
or  may  be  arranged  to  supplement  other 
means,  such  as  furnace  coils,  etc.  The 
former  is  known  as  the  direct  method; 
the  latter,  the  connection  for  which  is 
shown  on  the  opposite  page,  is  known 
as  the  indirect  or  reheating  method,  and  is 
the  more  economical  in  cold  weather,  but 
requires  a  storage  tank  or  boiler.  The  ther- 
mostat on  the  heater  can  be  so  adjusted 
as  to  have  the  water  heated  to  almost 
any  degree  Fahrenheit,  but  is  usually  set 
at  about  140  degrees.  The  manufacturers 
of  this  style  of  heater  make  them  in 
sizes  which  are  so  constructed  as  to 
supply  hot  water  at  the  rate  of  3,  4,  6 
and  8  gallons  per  minute,  raising  the 
temperature  of  the  water  approximately 
63  degrees  above  the  initial  temperature. 
The  gas  does  not  burn  continuously, 
but  only  during  the  time  when  water  is 
being  drawn.  Should  the  temperature  of 
the  water  when  being  drawn  go  above 
140  degrees  the  thermostat  automatically 
shuts  off  the   eas  until  such  time  as  the 


temperature  of  the  water  gets  below  140 
degrees,  when  the  gas  is  again  ignited 
and  heats  the  water  to  the  proper  degree. 

The  supply  of  hot  water  is  inexhaust- 
ible; it  is  there  when  needed,  day  or 
night.     The  service  obtainable  is  ideal. 

During  the  winter  months,  when  the 
house-heating  furnace  is  in  operation, 
and  where  a  furnace  connection  has 
been  installed,  or  other  methods  of  heat- 
ing water  are  used  during  these  months, 
the  Automatic  Heater  can  be  used  to 
advantage  for  reheating  the  water  to  a 
higher  temperature,  should  it  be  needed. 

If  the  Automatic  Heater  has  been  set 
to  heat  water  at  140  degrees  and  the 
water  passing  through  it  from  the  tank 
has  only  been  heated  by  other  means  to 
120  degrees,  the  Automatic  Heater  will 
reheat  this  water  to  140  degrees. 

Should  the  water  coming  from  the 
tank  be  140  degrees  or  more,  it  will 
pass  through  the  Automatic  Heater  with- 
out causing  the  gas  burners  to  ignite, 
and  therefore  no  additional  expense  for 
heating  the  water  would  be  incurred. 
This  method  has  found  great  favor 
among  those  who  have  had  this  system 
installed. 

An  Automatic  Water  Heater  can  be 
installed  in  any  home  where  there  is 
sufficient  water  pressure  to  operate  it, 
and  where  it  can  be  vented  into  a  flue. 
Special  and  interesting  information  can 
be  had  on  this  subject  from  the  manu- 
facturers and  your  local  gas  company. 


Automatic  Storage  Systems 

This  system  is  designed  to  supply  hot 
water  where  there  is  a  large  quantity  re- 
quired, as  in  cases  of  very  large  residences 
that  have  a  number  of  bathrooms  with 
showers, in  addition  to  tubs, lavatories, etc. 

Storage  tanks  of  from  100-   to  500- 


gallon  capacity  may  be  had  according  to 
requirements.  Where  the  storage-tank 
system  is  used,  there  is  at  all  times  a 
quantity  of  water  heated  ready  for  use. 
After  the  system  has  been  installed, 
the  heater  will  operate  continuously 
until  the  tank  is  filled  with  hot  water  up 


33 


to  the  temperature  at  which  the  thermo- 
stat is  set,  which  usually  ranges  from  140 
to  155  degrees.  The  temperature  of 
the  water  is  controlled  by  a  thermostatic 
valve  located  at  one  end  of  the  tank, 
which  can  be  regulated  to  have  the 
water  at  any  temperature  desired. 

When  a  quantity  of  hot  water  has 
been  drawn  from  the  tank,  and  cold 
water  has  run  in  to  replace  the  hot  water 
drawn,  which  has  thereby  reduced  the 
temperature  of  the  water  in  the  tank  to 
approximately  20  degrees  below  the 
temperature  of  the  water  drawn,  the 
thermostat  automatically  operates  in  such 
a  manner  as  to  allow  the  gas  burners  to 
ignite  in  the  heater,  and  in  this  way  the 
water  in  the  tank  is  reheated  to  the 
original  temperature.  This  tank  is  the 
only  one  required  in  the  residence. 

Where   a   steam   or  hot-water  hearing 


system  is  installed,  a  coil  can  be  run 
from  it  into  the  hot-water  tank,  and  in 
this  way  during  the  winter  months  water 
can  be  heated  by  the  steam  coils. 

When  this  connection  is  made  the 
Automatic  Heater  would  not  operate  or 
consume  any  gas  unless  the  temperature 
of  the  water  when  drawn  would  be 
below  that  at  which  the  thermostat  had 
been  set  for.  Under  such  conditions 
the  Automatic  Heater  with  the  thermo- 
static valve  is  an  ideal  system,  supple- 
menting the  other  when  called  upon, 
furnishing  large  quantities  of  clean,  hot 
water,  working  automatically  and 
requiring  no  attention. 

The  Storage  System  will  work  satis- 
factorily where  there  is  a  low  water 
pressure.  Very  interesting  data  on  the 
subject  of  Storage  Systems  can  be  secured 
from  the  local  Gas  Company. 


Automatic   Storage  System   of  Water  Heating 
34 


Small  Water 
Heaters 

These  small  auto- 
matic instantaneous 
water  heaters  will 
supply  a  hot  water 
service  for  cottages, 
bungalows,  and  also 


Automatic 
Type 

for  small  apart- 
ments having  not 
more  than  one  bath 
and  where  the  hot 
water  requirements 
are  moderate. 


35 


A 


Gas  Grates  and  Heateis  Used  for  Auxiliary  Heating 
36 


Gas  Is  Best  for  Heating 


GAS    furnishes    the    one  satisfac- 
•   tory  and,    if  rightly  used,   eco- 
nomical method    of    heating 
where  auxiliary  heat  is  required. 

With  the  ordinary  house-heating  sys- 
tem there  are  many  days,  particularly  in 
the  spring  and  fall,  after  the  fires  have 
been  allowed  to  go  out,  or  before  they 
have  been  started,  when  heat  is  desired 
and  necessary  in  certain  rooms.  Gas  is 
the  ideal  fuel  to  supply  this  heat,  and  also 
to  supply  heat  for  certain  rooms  in  the 
house  which  the  regular  house-heating 
systems  do  not  heat  sufficiently  in  ex- 
tremely cold  weather. 

Some  of  the  Radiator  types  of  heaters 
may  be  connected  to  regular  house- 
heating  systems  or  used  independently 
when  regular  steam  or  hot-water  heat 
is  not  available.  These  Radiators  can 
be  decorated  to  harmonize  with  the 
environments  of  the  room. 

The  types  of  heaters  illustrated  have 
proven  satisfactory  to  thousands  of  users. 

Gas  Grates,  Open  Fireplaces, 
Heaters  and  Odorless  Gas  Logs 

One  of  the  special  and  valuable  fea- 
tures of   these   types  of   Heaters  is  the 


highly  artistic  and  ornamental  effects 
that  can  be  produced  by  their  installa- 
tion. They  are  designed  to  meet  the 
most  varied  requirements  and  are  made 
in  the  plainest  styles  or  in  ornamental 
designs.  They  may  be  used  in  the 
humblest  home  as  well  as  the  finest  resi- 
dences. They  can  be  had  in  shapes 
and  colors  to  harmonize  with  the  sur- 
roundings in  rooms  where  installed. 

Portable  Gas  Heaters 

During  the  spring  and  fall,  and  even 
during  the  summer,  when  we  have  wet, 
chilly  days,  these  heaters  have  been 
found  to  be  just  what  is  needed  to  drive 
away  dampness  and  chill. 

Why  go  to  the  trouble  of  using  oil 
heaters,  which  have  to  be  regularly 
cleaned  and  filled,  when  such  satisfac- 
tory ones  as  these  are  at  your  disposal? 

Hall  and  Office  Heater 

This  heater  is  built  on  the  lines  of  a 
grate,  but  is  equipped  with  cast-iron  sides 
and  top,  so  that  it  may  be  placed  close 
to  a  wall  where  no  mantel  is  available. 
It  has  been  specially  designed  for  this 
purpose. 


37 


Heating  of  Kitchen  from  Cellar  Furnace 


IN  modern  houses  kitchens  are  heated 
either  by  floor  register  or  a  wall 
radiator,  utilizing  the  cellar  furnace 
to  not  only  warm  the  kitchen,  but  heat 
the  household  supply  of  water  in  winter. 
This  is  a  very  economical  way  to  heat 
water  during  the  period  furnace  is  in  use. 
In  houses  where  the  furnace  does  not 
have  a  water  pot  or  jacket,  the  furnace 
may  be  used  to  heat  water  and  warm 
the  kitchen  by  installing  a  Furnace 
Water  Heater  in  the  boiler.  There  are 
several  types  of  Furnace  Connections, 
generally  referred  to  as  the  disc  heater, 
bulb  heater,  or  pipe-coil  heater. 

In  square  furnaces  the  pipe  connec- 
tion should  not  extend  less  than  20 
inches  and  not  more  than  24  inches  into 
the  fire  box.  It  should  also  be  located 
5  inches  above  the  grate  and  not  less 
than  3  inches  from  the  side  or  end  walls 


of  the  furnace,  permitting  large  sizes  of 
coal  to  be  used  and  allowing  perfect 
combustion. 


A  24-inch  pipe  Furnace  Connection 
is  used  to  heat  the  water  in  a  .'!(»-gallon 
boiler. 

A  1-inch  pipe  connection  is  used  to 
heat  the  water  in  a  40-gallon  boiler. 
Larger  size  Furnace  Connections  may 
be  installed  for  heating  larger  quantities 
of  water. 

It  is  a  common  practice  to  install 
furnace  water  heater  connections  in 
furnaces  not  fitted  with  water  jacket  or 
pot.  Information  can  be  secured  from 
representatives  of  the  Gas  Company, 
who  will  inspect  the  furnaces  and  give 
definite  information  as  to  cost,  etc. 


38 


Room  Heating  Calculations 

TO    be     able     to     select    a    room  garding  the  most  efficient  and  satisfac- 

heating     appliance    with    a    fair  tory  type, 
degree  of    assurance   that  it  will  The  results  obtained  must  be  further 

perform  the  required  service  in  an  eco-  increased  by  one  or  more  of  the  follow- 

nomical   manner  requires  rather  careful  ing  factors  if  the  corresponding  condi- 

calculation.      Many   methods  of  appar-  tions  are  present : 

ent  simplicity  have  been  advocated,  but  Northern  exposure  1  3 

in  most  cases  this  simplicity  is  secured  Eastern  or  western  exposure  '.   '.    1.2 

at  the  expense  of  accuracy  and  conse-  poor  frame  constructi0n  ....    2.5 

quently  of  economy.  pair  frame 2.0 

The  following  is  a  satisfactory  method  Good  frame  or  i2-inch  brick    .    1.2 

for  determining  the  requirements  for  in-  Room  heated  in  day  time  only     u 

dividual  room  heating:  Room  heated  occasionally  only     1.3-1.4 

For  Steam  Heating  Cold  cellar  below  or  attic  above  L1 
Allow  1  sq.  ft.  of  radiator  surface  for  each  The  above  method  is  based  upon  the 

80  cu.  ft.  of  volume  of  room.  following  conditions : 
13  sq.  ft.  of  exposed  wall  surface.  Sufficient  ventilation  to  change  air 

3  sq.  ft.  of  exposed  glass  surface  (sin-  of  room  twtce  hourly. 

ele  window)  Maintenance  of  room  temperature 
6  sq.ft.  of  exposed  glass  surface(double  at  70  degrees  Fahr.,  with  outside 
window).  air  at  °  degree  Fahr. 
c      u     xxt         u                                                   With  more  ventilation,  the  cu.  ft.  of 
For  Hot  Water  Heating  room  voiume  allowed  for  each  sq.ft. of  ra- 
Add   50  per   cent,   to  the  amount  of  diator  surface  or  cu. ft.  of  gas  consumption 
radiator  surface  obtained   by   the  above  provided  must  be  decreased  proportion- 
calculation,  ally;  e. g.., for  three  changes  perhour  allow 

r      r>      u  lj  2A  the  cubical  capacity  per  cu.  ft.  of  gas. 

tor  Lras  Heaters  Having  Tr     ,       ,  c       . :, r 

»t     77/       r'  If   the  lowest   outside   temperature  is 

J\o  tine  Connection  ,  ,        ~    ,  T^  ,        , 

greater  or  less  than  0  degree  rahr.  the 

Allow  1  cu.  ft.  of  gasf  per  hour  for  each  amount  of    radiator  surface  or  gas  con- 

215  cu.  ft.  of  volume  of  room.  sumption  provided  for  must  be  increased 

35  sq.  ft.  of  exposed  wall  surface  or  decreased,  respectively,  in  proportion 

9  sq.ft.  of  exposed  glass  surface  (sin-  to   the    difference    between    inside    and 

gle  window).  outside  temperature;  e.  g.,  if  the  lowest 

18    sq     ft.    of    exposed   glass    surface  outside  temperature  is  35  degrees  Fahr., 

(double  window).  the  difference  (70  —  35  =  35)  will  be  but 

Gas   Heaters   having  flue  connection  half  that  where  zero  weather  (70  —  0  = 

require  from  25  to  100  per  cent,  more  70)   is   encountered,   and  only   one-half 

gas  consuming  capacity  for  a  given  room  the  heat  will  be  required  to  maintain  the 

than   those  without  flue  connection,  on  room  temperature  at  70  degrees. 

account  of  chimney   losses.     The  local  In  all  cases  radiators  or  heaters  of  suf- 

gas   company    should    be   consulted    re-  ficient  capacity  to  meet  the  most  extreme 

weather  conditions  likely  to  be  encoun- 

*  Robert    ffrench    Pierce,   in    "Utilization    of    Gas    Appli-  tPrpA     chrmlrl     Kp     I'ncfcllprl       cinrp     mpans 

ances,"   National    Commercial   Gas   Association,  New   York,  tereO     SnOUld     De     installed,     Since     means 

19i4.  ...  .  .        ,^-« -_..,,  ,  .  for   reducing   their  consumption   of   gas 

T  Artificial  gas  of  600  B.  T.  L.s  per  cu.  ft.     Other  artificial  c        ,  to  ...  r  .   ,      , 

eas  or  natural  Eas  in  propomon.  for  less  extreme  conditions  are  provided. 

39 


A  Bathroom  Wall  Heater  as    well    as    in    bathrooms    is   equipped 

This   may  be  placed  in  any  wall  with  with  shclf  for  heatin8  Water'  etC' 
perfect  safety.     It  is  constructed  to  keep  A  gas  wall   bracket  should  be  located 

sides,  back  and  top  of  heater  far  below  a  on   each   side  of  the   mirror  for  shaving 

temperature  liable  to  cause  fire.      A  per-  purposes.      In  the  absence  of  a  mirror,  a 

feet  heater,  finished  in  nickel,  which  may  single  inverted  small  lamp  may  be  placed 

be  used  to  good  advantage  in  bedrooms  at  the  center  of  the  ceiling. 


Gas  Laundry  Kquipment 


IAUNDRY    work   can  be  done  in  a  the  wash  boiler  is  set  for  boiling  clothes 

very  rapid  and  simple  manner  is  made  with  a  stand  at  a  height  conve- 

_^A    if  the  proper  appliances  are  in-  nient   for  lifting  the   boiler  on   and  off. 

stalled   for   this    purpose.     There   are  a  On   this  type  of   laundry   stove  a  plate 

number    of    gas    appliances    which    are  can  be  used  to  heat  four  of  the  ordinary 

used    in    modern     laundries    in    homes,  sad  irons  on  each  burner.     There  is  also 

which    are    giving    great    satisfaction   to  another  type  of  stove  which  has  proven 

t.he  users.  satisfactory,  that   holds  from  one  to  six 

The    small    laundry   stove   on    which  irons,  and  has  a  space  for  a  wash  boiler. 

40 


Gas-Heated  Flat  Iron 

The  most  up-to-date  method  is  the 
use  of  the  gas  iron,  heated  by  a  gas 
burner  supplied  from  a 
I  convenient  outlet  by  a 
piece  of  small  tubing. 
We  would  thoroughly 
recommend  the  use  of 
this  device.     The  cost 

■  of  operating  a  gas  iron 

■  is  very  small,  and  from 
tests  made,  with  gas  at  $1.00  per  1000 
cubic  feet,  it  has  been  found  that  three 
hours'  ironing  may  be  done  for  one  cent. 

The  Gas-Heated  Mangle 

For  laundry  use  this  appliance  is  found 
to  be  most  satisfactory  and  is  a  great 
labor-saver ;  with  it  work  can  be  done 
better  and  more  rapidly  than  in  any 
other  way.  Mangles  are  made  in  vari- 
ous widths  to  accommodate  the  require- 


ments   of    any    household.      They    are 
operated  by  hand  or  other  power. 

Gas-Heated  Clothes  Dryer 

The  use  of  a  gas-heated  clothes  dryer 
permits  of  clothes  being  dried  indepen- 
dent of  weather  conditions.  It  is  a  san- 
itary way  to  dry  clothes,  as  heated  fresh 
air  only  comes  in  contact  with  the 
clothes,  which  assures  their  being  dried 
as  pure  and  white  as  if  they  were  dried 
in  the  open  air.  Gas-heated  clothes 
dryers  are  not  expensive  to  use,  as  thou- 
sands of  those  who  use  them  know. 
The  standard  size  cabinet  is  seven  feet 
high  and  seven  feet  long.  An  addi- 
tional space  of  seven  feet  must  be  al- 
lowed in  front  of  dryer  to  provide  room 
for  pulling  out  racks.  The  width  is 
governed  by  the  number  of  racks  in  the 
cabinet.  These  racks  are  furnished  in 
widths  of  7,  9,  12  and  IO/4  inches. 
Special  size  dryers  are  built  to  order. 


A  Complete  Laundiy,  with  Gas-Heated  Washer,  Mangle,  Dry  Room  and  Irons 

41 


A 


9 

1^ 

[|«J 

*A* 

|.A:f- 

4: 


Sterilizing  Water  by  Gas 

THERE  is  a  very  practical  device 
for  sterilizing  water  used  for 
drinking  and  culinary  purposes. 
It  will  render  water  absolutely  safe  to 
drink  without  changing  its  taste  or  in 
any  way  affecting  its  healthful  properties. 
It  will  sterilize  water  and  deliver  it 
ready  for  use  at  about  its  original  tem- 
perature. 

The  construction  of  the  sterilizer  per- 
mits the  cold  water  which  is  to  be  steril- 
ized to  pass  down  through  one  com- 
partment and  back  through  another, 
into  the  chamber  where  it  is  brought  to 
the  boiling  point,  and  then  runs  back  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  pass  on  its  return 
over    the    chamber    in    which    the   cold 


The  Water  Sterilizer  in  Operation 

water  is  contained.  In  this  way  the 
water  is  cooled  to  almost  its  original 
temperature  on  its  way  to  the  bottle  or 
tank  which  is  to  receive  it. 

Pure   drinking  water  is  as  important 
as  pure    food.     The  cost  of    sterilizing 


water,  with  gas  at  $1.00  per  1000  cubic 
feet,  will  be  about  one  cent  for  every 
ten  gallons  sterilized,  and  it  is  readily 
seen  that  the  gas  consumption  is  indeed 
very  small. 


The  Conceal-O  Plate 

THE  modern  ornamental  device 
for  connecting  portable  gas  ap- 
pliances from  the  wall, baseboard 
or  floor.  A  prominent  architect  says: 
"The  Conceal-O  is  the  ideal  method 
for  connecting  gas  reading  lamps,  desk 
or  piano  lamps,  portable  gas  heating 
stoves,  chafing  dishes,  gas  irons,  etc., 
where  appearance  counts  as  much  as 
utility."  The  Conceal-O  may  be 
installed  in  old  as  well  as  new  houses. 

Since  Conceal-O  plates  are  inexpen- 
sive to  install,  one  could  readily  be 
placed  in  each  bathroom,  bedroom, 
living  room,  library,  dining  room  and 
kitchen. 

Gas  Chafing  Dishes,  Percolators 
and  Samovars 

THESE  handsome  cooking  appli- 
ances are  a  pleasing  aid  to  the 
housekeeper.  They  help  to  pre- 
pare dainty  luncheons  in  a  convenient 
and  economical  manner. 

The  sample  pieces  shown  are  the  best 
of  the  medium-priced  dishes  and  perco- 
lators. They  are  of  excellent  quality 
and  design. 

The  use  of  gas  chafing  dishes  and 
percolators  eliminates  the  danger  and 
annoyance  connected  with  the  hand- 
ling of  alcohol. 


43 


Refuse  Destroyer 

A  GAS  Refuse  Destroyer  is  a  device 
designed  to  store  household 
l.  waste  temporarily  in  a  sanitary 
way,  and  to  consume  it  finally  by  gas 
fire. 

This  device  tills  a  long-felt  want,  as 
one  of  the  problems  of  the  city  and 
suburban  household  has  been  the  satis- 
factory disposal  of  waste  matter. 

It  is  preferably  installed  in  the  kitchen. 
and  may  be  connected  with  the  kitchen 
range  flue  or  any  other  flue  without  in 
any  way  decreasing  the  efficiency  of 
the  flue  or  the  service  itself. 

This  is  the  sanitary  and  economical 
way  to  dispose  of  refuse. 

Gas  Refuse  Destroyers  may  be  ob- 
tained in  several  sizes,  and  in  Detached 
or  Wall  types. 


The  Detached  type  is  that  commonly 
used,  and  is  supplied  in  several  sizes. 
The  Wall  type  is  designed  to  be  set 
within  the  chimney  brace,  with  only  it> 
face  exposed.  Architects  usually  specify 
the  Wall  type  for  new  buildings;  it  is 
supplied  in  several  sizes.  Special  - 
and  types  may  be  manufactured  to  order 
for  special   sen  ice. 

Gas  Refuse  Destroyers   must  be  con- 
nected with  flues. 

Garage  Heating  by  Gas 

A  PRIVATE     garage    may    be 
equipped    with    a    gas    heater. 
>  They    are   efficient,    safe,    and 
require  small  space  to  install. 


44 


Vacuum  Cleaning  by   Gas 

EVERY  person  who  has  stopped 
to  consider  the  question  knows, 
for  a  thorough  sanitary  cleaning 
of  any  house,  that  vacuum  cleaning  is 
the  only  method  to  be  used.  It  is  labor- 
saving,  efficient,  and  meets  all  require- 
ments. It  is  the  only  system  of  clean- 
ing which  will  remove  the  fine  grit  and 
dirt.     The  cost  of  operating  is  slight. 

The  gas  vacuum  cleaner  is  an  ap- 
pliance which  makes  cleaning  easy  and 
sanitation  sure.  The  gas  vacuum 
cleaner  can  be  installed  at  a  compara- 
tively low  cost  in  a  new  or  old  house, 
where  the  water  pressure  does  not  drop 
below  30  pounds  per  square  inch. 

The  gas  vacuum  cleaner  is  usually 
installed  in  the  cellar  or  laundry  and 
pipes  run  from  the  cleaner  to  baseboard 
outlets  conveniently  placed  in  various 
parts  of  the  house,   where  the   portable 


hose  can  be  inserted  to  reach  all  points 
requiring  cleaning.  The  cleaner  works 
practically  automatically,  and  it  is  not 
necessary  to  go  to  the  cellar  to  light  the 
burner  in  order  to  have  thecleaner  operate. 
W  ith  this  gas-operated  cleaner,  all 
dirt,  dust  and  germs  are  carried  back  to 
the  machine  and  burned.  The  ash 
from  this  operation  falls  into  a  small  pan 
in  the  bottom  of  the  heater,  and  can 
easily  be  disposed  of. 

Refrigeration  by   Gas 

INVENTORS  have  been  at  work 
the  past  year  or  more  perfecting 
an  apparatus  which  uses  a  gas  flame 
to  produce  refrigeration  to  displace  the 
use  of  ice. 

The  apparatus  is  designed  to  be  at- 
tached to  the  regular  family  ice  box  or 
refrigerator  and  operates  automatically  at 
an  expense  not  to  exceed  the  cost  of  ice. 


45 


Flue  Connections 

WITH  the  exception  of  small 
hot  plates,  heaters  and  portable 
appliances,  practically  all  ^as- 
burning  appliances  are  designed  so  they 
may    be    connected   with   a   flue. 

Local  rules  or  regulations  enter  so 
largely  into  the  matter  of  flue  connections 
that  no  general  practice  may  be  stated 
in  this  respect,  except  as  regards  appli- 
ances in  which  the  consumption  is  com- 
paratively large,  such  as  Instantaneous 
Water  Heaters,  Refuse  Destroyers,  etc. 
Flue  connections  should  invariably  be 
made  to  appliances  of  this  class. 

It  is  suggested  that  all  matters  relating 
to  the  installation  of  gas-burning  appli- 
ances be  taken  up  with  your  local  gas 
company,  who  are  fully  informed  as  to 
the  best  methods  to  pursue  to  secure 
the  most  economical  and  efficient  results. 

Outdoor   Residence   Lighting 

MODERN     homes    with     large 
lawns    and    drives    or     walks 
may   be  equipped    for    private 
lighting  with  posts  of  ornamental  design. 
1  hese  Gas  Lamps  may    be   equipped 
with  automatic  lighters  and   extinguish- 
ers located  in  the  base  of  the  post. 

The  automatic  attachments  require 
weekly  inspection,  and  are  generally 
satisfactory  in  their  operation. 

Gas  Furnace  Heating 

HEATING    by  gas    from    a    cen- 
tral plant  in  the  cellar  or  base- 
ment   is     a     practical     method 
which  has  the  advantage  <>f  closely  reg- 


ulating  the  temperature,  and  is  therefore 
important  from  the  point  of  view  of 
sanitation  and  hygiene. 

I  he  cost  of  gas  for  this  service  may 
appear  to  be  high  when  compared  to 
coal,  unless  the  saving  due  to  the  elimi- 
nation of  labor,  storage  space,  ash  hand- 
ling, etc.,  is  favorably  considered. 

"1  he  advantages  of  gas,  however,  are 
such  as  to  warrant  serious  consideration 
being  given  this  system. 


Miscellaneous  Appliances  for  Use  on  (Jas  Range 
40 


Gas  for  Domestic  Science  Equipments 


CLOSELY  related  to  the  gas 
equipment  of  the  home  is  the 
furnishing  of  high  schools  and 
seminaries  with  domestic  science  cook- 
ing appliances. 


The  illustrations  are  of  domestic  sci- 
ence departments  in  which  the  young 
women  are  taught  the  ease,  cleanliness, 
comfort  and  efficiency  of  cooking  with 
gas. 


47 


Measuring  the  Consumers*  Gas 


THE  interest  of  the  Gas  Utility 
does  not  end  with  the  furnish- 
ing of  the  best  gas  appliances 
and  an  abundant  supply  of  good  quality 
gas,  but  it  equips  the  consumer  with  a 
scientifically  constructed  measuring  de- 
vice at  the  point  of  use  of  its  product. 

The  gas  meter  in  its  present  form  is 
the  result  of  many  years  of  scientific 
study  and  development,  but  the  general 
principle  governing  its  construction  has 
been  found  impossible  to  improve  upon 
and  is  the  same  as  it  was  half  a  century  ago. 


The  accuracy 
of  the  meter  is 
such  that  thecon- 
sumer  can  be 
assured  that  he  is 
getting  all  the 
gas  he  pays  for. 

Proving  the 

GaS     Meter  Interior  ot  Gas  Meter 

Public  Service  Commissions  in  many 
States,  with  inspectors  to  test  gas 
meters,  have  found  them  so  accurate 
in  registration  that  the  standards 
formulated  by  them  call  for  consumers' 
meters  to  be  tested  not  more  frequently 
than  once  in  from  three  to  six  years. 
The  appliance  illustrated,  used  by  ail 
Gas  Companies  for  proving  meters,  is 
equioped  with  graduated  scales  for 
capacity,  thermometers  for  temperature 
correction,  etc.,  and  is  mechanically 
exact  in  its  operation  of  testing. 


The  Gas  Meter  Prover 


4« 


